Food Eaten Research Articles

Impact of Nutritional Education Intervention on Food Choice Motivations and Eating Behaviors Among Latin American University Students

ABSTRACT Background Nutritional interventions can help to develop healthy eating patterns during the transition to university, which is a critical transition for all college students. Purpose This research aims to analyze eating behaviors and food choices through sustainable nutritional education interventions with college students from a multinational university in Latin-America. Methods The nutritional intervention had eight sessions emphasizing lifestyle nutrition patterns. There was an intervention group (n = 85), and a control group (n = 80). This research evaluated the eating behaviors and food choice motivators before and after the intervention. Results The nutrition education interventions showed that the group under intervention improved, changing from unhealthy to moderately healthy habits, whereas the control groups remained in unhealthy eating behaviors. Food choice motivations slightly differ from the two groups after the intervention. Discussion The control group students reflected on their lack of awareness of good eating habits so that current trends could influence their food choices in social networks associated with the pandemic, economic factors, and supply. Translation to Health Education Practice The findings from this research highlight opportunities for Certified Health Education Specialists focused on project development and evaluation.

Influence of the probiotic preparation immunofloor on the immune status of broiler chickens

In conditions of intensification of the livestock industry, to combat infectious pathology, antimicrobial drugs are most often, and in some cases haphazardly, used, which accumulate in raw materials and food products and contribute to environmental pollution. Antibiotics have a detrimental and pathogenic effect on the normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and poultry. Against this background, dysbiosis is observed, leading to metabolic disorders, decreased digestibility of essential feed nutrients, and the development of immunological deficiency. One of the leading areas of agricultural science and practice is developing and introducing drugs and feed additives that are an alternative to antibiotics into livestock farming. Probiotics have a unique role in solving this problem. Probiotic preparations ’ therapeutic and prophylactic properties are based on maintaining normal flora at a physiologically necessary level, reducing diarrhea in animals, and improving digestion processes. Probiotics have thefunctions of improving metabolic processes, immunostimulating activity, adaptogenic effects, increasing all types of productivity offarm animals and poultry, and improving the quality of livestock products. Introducing probiotic preparations into poultry and livestockfarming requiresfurther study of their biological properties and immunostimulating activity. The influence of the probiotic drug Immunoflor on the state of natural resistance factors in poultry was studied. Four groups of day-old broiler chickens of the Arbor Acres cross were formed: a control group and three experimental groups. In addition to the main diet, the birds of the experimental groups received Immunoflor in amounts of 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 kg/t of feed. It was established that the inclusion of aprobiotic drug in the diet of broilers contributed to the strengthening of humoral factors of natural resistance due to an increase in the lysozyme and bactericidal activity of blood serum by 10.5 - 17.2 and 8.5 - 12.1% by the end of cultivation. The phagocytic properties of chicken blood leukocytes have also improved. Under the influence of Immunoflor, an increase in the mass of immunocompetent organs was observed in 42-day-old broiler chickens. The maximum indicators of poultry population safety were established in the experimental groups.

The Potential Effects of Azolla as a Growth Promoter for Labeo rohita Fingerlings

The Potential Effects of Azolla as a Growth Promoter for Labeo rohita Fingerlings

Connection of spectral pattern of carbohydrate molecular structure to alteration of nutritional properties of by-products from coffee processing affected by microorganism fermentation.

The objective of this study was to determine internal structure spectral profile of by-products from coffee processing that were affected by added-microorganism fermentation duration in relation to truly absorbed feed nutrient supply in ruminant system. The by-products from coffee processing were fermented using commercial fermentation product, consisting of various microorganisms: for 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. In this study, the association and correlation of carbohydrate-related spectral profiles with chemical and nutritional properties (chemical composition, total digestible nutrient, bioenergy values, carbohydrate sub-fractions and predicted degradation and digestion parameters as well as milk value of feed. The vibrational spectra of coffee by-products samples after fermentation for 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days were determined using a JASCO FT/IR-4200 spectroscopy coupled with accessory of Attenuated total reflectance (ATR). The molecular spectral analyses with univariate approach were conducted with the OMNIC 7.3 software. Molecular spectral analysis parameters in fermented and non-fermented by-products from coffee processing included Structural carbohydrate, Cellulosic compounds, Non-structural carbohydrates, Lignin compound, CH-bending, structural carbohydrate peak1, Structural carbohydrate peak2, Structural carbohydrate peak3, Hemicellulosic compound, Non-structural carbohydrate peak1, non-structural carbohydrate peak2, non-structural carbohydrate peak3. The study results show that added-microorganism fermentation induced chemical and nutritional changes of coffee by-products including carbohydrate chemical composition profiles, bioenergy value, feed milk value, carbohydrate subfractions, estimated degradable and undegradable fractions in the rumen, and intestinal digested nutrient supply in ruminant system. In conclusion, carbohydrate nutrition value changes by added-microorganism fermentation duration were in an agreement with the change of their spectral profile in the coffee by-products. The studies show that the vibrational ATR-FT/IR spectroscopic technique could be applied as a rapid analytical tool to evaluate fermented by-products and connect with truly digestible carbohydrate supply in ruminant system.

Investigations on Xenopus laevis body composition and feeding behavior in a laboratory setting

The African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, has been used as a laboratory animal for decades in many research areas. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the nutritional physiology of this amphibian species and the feeding regimen is not standardized. The aim of the present study was to get more insights into the nutrient metabolism and feeding behavior of the frogs. In Trial 1, adult female X. laevis were fed either a Xenopus diet or a fish feed. After 4 weeks, they were euthanized, weighed, measured for morphometrics and dissected for organ weights and whole-body nutrient analysis. There were no significant differences between the diet groups regarding the allometric data and nutrient contents. The ovary was the major determinant of body weight. Body fat content increased with body weight as indicator of energy reserves. In Trial 2, 40 adult female frogs were monitored with a specifically developed digital tracking system to generate heat-maps of their activity before and up to 25 min after a meal. Three diets (floating, sinking, floating & sinking) were used. The main feed intake activity was fanning the feed into the mouth, peaking until 20 min after the meal. The different swimming characteristics of the diets thereby influenced the activity of the animals. Our dataset helps to adjust the feeding needs to the physical composition and also to meet the natural behavioral patterns of feed intake as a prerequisite of animal wellbeing and animal welfare in a laboratory setting.

Differences in maternal and paternal pressure to eat and perception of household responsibilities.

Controlling feeding practices, such as pressure to eat, are associated with a child's disinhibited eating and extremes in bodyweight. We aimed to explore which factors are associated with parent dyads' pressuring feeding practices, including how mothers and fathers perceive the sharing of household tasks such as mealtime and child feeding responsibilities. In this cross-sectional study, parent dyads (mother and father) of healthy preschool-aged children completed an identical questionnaire consisting of measures of picky eating (food fussiness subscale of Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire), parental concern for undereating, and pressure to eat (Child Feeding Questionnaire). We used separate multivariable linear regression models for mothers and fathers to assess correlates associated with pressure to eat subscale score, including slowness of eating and enjoyment of food, child BMI z-score and race/ethnicity, and household income. Separate unadjusted linear regression models for mothers and fathers were used to report the association of pressure to eat with household responsibilities. Parents (N = 88) had similar mean picky eating, concern for undereating, and pressure to eat scores; more fathers had high pressure to eat scores (36% vs 27%). Higher pressure to eat was significantly associated with lower income, non-Hispanic Black or Black race/ethnicity, slow eating, and lower enjoyment of food. Pressure was not associated with household responsibilities. While there were similar maternal and paternal perceptions of child eating behaviors, more fathers reported pressuring their child to eat. Identifying differences in parental feeding practices may assist in intervention development to improve feeding practices.

Exploring Adult Eating Behaviors and Food Neophobia: A National Study in Romania.

Food neophobia involves avoiding new foods due to reluctance, aversion, or disgust. The Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) is the most reliable and common adult food neophobia test. It helps compare food neophobia across cultures by being translated into numerous languages. This study adapted, translated, and validated the FNS for Romania. This translated version was piloted in November 2023 on 59 students in the medical field from two distinct Romanian cities. Between December 2023 and February 2024, 375 adults were surveyed, representing Romania's population within a 90% confidence interval. The average age of responders was 38.07 years, with a standard deviation of 10.75 and a 4:1 female-to-male sex ratio. The Cronbach's alpha test was used to validate the questionnaire. Our study found that the mean FNS value was 31.86; most Romanian respondents (69.20%) were neutral towards trying new foods, with a significant portion being neophobes (18.21%) outnumbering neophiles (12.59%). When compared to international study results, Romanian adults, on average, exhibited a higher percentage of neophobes compared to those in Korea (13%), Hungary (16.8%), Italy (17%), and Brazil (17.5%), but a lower percentage than those in Lebanon (21.5%). The findings indicate that the translated scale can be utilized to assess neophobia among Romanian speakers.

Downloading appetite? Investigating the role of parasocial relationship with favorite social media food influencer in followers’ disordered eating behaviors

PurposeAlthough a number of investigations have been carried out on the marketing outcomes of parasocial relationships (PSR) with food influencers on social media, little attention has been paid to the potential contribution of these one-sided emotional bonds to followers’ eating attitudes and habits. Drawing on the Parasocial Theory, the role of parasocial attachment with food influencers was investigated in predicting eating disorders, food addiction, and grazing. To increase the accuracy of PSR measurement, a brief self-report scale was developed to gauge social media users’ feelings of mutual awareness, attention, and adjustment with their favorite food influencer at a distance through social media.MethodsParticipants were a convenience sample of 405 Iranian social media users (231women; Mage = 28.16, SDage = 9.40), who followed a favorite food influencer on social media.ResultsThe 8-item Parasocial Relationship with Favorite Food Influencer Scale (PSRFFIS) revealed a unidimensional structure with excellent content and construct validity and internal consistency. Regarding gender differences, men showed stronger parasocial attachment to their favorite food influencers. Adjusting age, gender, and subjective social status as control variables, PSR with favorite food influencers partially contributed to the explanation of eating disorder symptom severity, food addiction, and grazing.ConclusionThese findings show that PSR with favorite food influencers appears to be associated with followers’ craving for food, which, in turn, may contribute to maladaptive eating habits. This highlights media-related factors, such as PSR with food influencers, as potential drivers of dysfunctional eating habits in the digital age, particularly in countries like Iran where disordered eating is prevalent.Level of evidenceLevel V—based on cross-sectional data (correlational study; scale development)

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) improvement: Challenges and prospects—A review

AbstractFinger millet is a climate‐resilient and highly nutritious small grain crop widely grown in the semi‐arid tropics. It has multiple uses, including for food, feed and beverage preparations. However, finger millet is an under‐utilized and under‐researched crop with a mean yield of <1.0 t/ha despite a potential productivity of up to 8 t/ha. The yield gap is attributed to several production constraints, such as biotic and abiotic stresses, a lack of access to improved seeds and production inputs and poor agronomic management practices. There are valuable genetic resources and genetic variability of finger millet in its centres of diversity and global gene banks for variety design, product development and commercialization. The genetic variability can be harnessed further to integrate essential traits into candidate varieties through conventional and modern breeding methods. Breeding and genetic innovations such as genomics‐assisted breeding, mutation breeding and genome editing would accelerate finger millet breeding and new variety design and deployment. The objective of this review was to document the opportunities, challenges and prospects of finger millet improvement as a guide for variety development and deployment with enhanced grain yield and nutritional contents. The first section describes global production status and yield gains, major production and productivity challenges in finger millet. This is followed by an in‐depth presentation on breeding and genetic progress on variety development with improved agronomic and nutritional quality traits, drought and salinity tolerance, and fungal diseases, weeds and insect pest resistance. Further, the review summarized finger millet's genetic and genomic resources, reference genomes, whole genome re‐sequencing and transcriptomics of finger millet technologies, genetic engineering and genome editing and their integration with conventional breeding methods for variety design with desired end‐use traits. The review provides foundational information to expedite the development of new‐generation finger millet cultivars with desirable product profiles, including high grain yield potential, early maturity, desirable seed colour, compact head type, food and feed nutrients quality and high marketability through modern breeding approaches.

Decoding the influence of central LEAP2 on food intake and its effect on accumbal dopamine release

The gut-brain peptide ghrelin and its receptor are established as a regulator of hunger and reward-processing. However, the recently recognized ghrelin receptor inverse agonist, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2), is less characterized. The present study aimed to elucidate LEAP2s central effect on reward-related behaviors through feeding and its mechanism. LEAP2 was administrated centrally in mice and effectively reduced feeding and intake of palatable foods. Strikingly, LEAP2s effect on feeding was correlated to the preference of the palatable food. Further, LEAP2 reduced the rewarding memory of high preference foods, and attenuated the accumbal dopamine release associated with palatable food exposure and eating. Interestingly, LEAP2 was widely expressed in the brain, and particularly in reward-related brain areas such as the laterodorsal tegmental area (LDTg). This expression was markedly altered when allowed free access to palatable foods. Accordingly, infusion of LEAP2 into LDTg was sufficient to transiently reduce acute palatable food intake. Taken together, the present results show that central LEAP2 has a profound effect on dopaminergic reward signaling associated with food and affects several aspects of feeding. The present study highlights LEAP2s effect on reward, which may have applications for obesity and other reward-related psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Esophageal food bolus impaction in pediatric age.

Esophageal food impaction (EFI) is the sudden onset of dysphagia that occurs when a food bolus becomes lodged in the esophagus, requiring endoscopic removal. Scientific data on the prevalence and causes of EFI in children is lacking. The aim of this study was to provide further insights into EFI episodes in children. We have prospectively enrolled all children admitted for a first episode of EFI between March 2018 and March 2023. A fluoroscopic contrast study was performed in all patients to confirm the boluses and assess their position. Boluses were extracted by esophagogastroduodenoscopies, and esophageal biopsies were routinely obtained for histologic evaluation. Over the study period, 41 children were admitted for a first episode of food impaction. Drooling was the most commonly reported symptom. Half children experiencing a first episode of food bolus were diagnosed with EoE (20/41, 48.8%). Almost a fourth of the episodes subtended a different condition, such as esophageal anastomotic, peptic or congenital strictures, stricturing caustic esophagitis, esophageal duplication,and achalasia. In the last fourth of patients the cause of EFI was not identified and thus probably related to quick eating and inadequate chewing of food. Our study represents the largest known series of pediatric patients evaluated for food bolus impaction. Our main finding is the high frequency of EoE, which accounts for a half of EFI episodes in pediatric age, especially in older children. This finding highlights the importance of obtaining esophageal biopsies after the endoscopic bolus removal in children with EFI to provide a complete diagnostic evaluation.

Dietary Fiber in Preventing Non-Communicable Diseases: Predicting Prevented Deaths and Economic Impact through the Use of Algae as a Fiber Source

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for two-thirds of premature deaths in Europe. This added to the European socio-economic scenario already weakened by the vital aging of the population, contributes to the loss of active individuals, weakening competitiveness and social and economic sustainability, thus making the prevention of NCDs a European objective. Preventing NCDs with the enrichment of the food environment using algae or their compounds, which are rich in nutrients and bioactivities, is an excellent way to promote healthy eating of ecological and sustainable foods. This strategy generates social, economic, and environmental gains, as well as improvements in health and sustainability. The objective of this study was to verify whether the intake of the recommended dose of fiber caused a decrease in the number of deaths caused by NCDs. The NCD prime scenario modelling tool was populated with demographic data on mortality and food intake for 2016. The results obtained by applying the NCDprime model suggested that with the recommended fiber dose, 4.5% of deaths were averted, and about 30 million euros were saved. The number of prevented deaths and the potential for cost savings represent significant health and economic gains. It will allow, in the future, new health policies to be equated with an adaptation of the food ecosystem and the development of new functional foods.

The Effect of Exclusive Breastfeeding Education on Changes in Knowledge and Attitudes of Toddler Mothers

Optimal breastfeeding practices contribute greatly to the quality of a child's growth and development. Breast milk is considered a golden feeding of nutrients in infants. Mothers have a big role in improving the quality of their children's health. This study aims to determine the effect of exclusive breastfeeding education on the knowledge and attitudes of mothers of toddlers in the working area of the Tiong Ohang Health Centre. The research is a quasi-experiment with a design with a two-group pretest and posttest approach conducted in July 2023 in the working area of the Tiong Ohang Health Center, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The sample of this study was 36 under five mothers. The data is then collected and then analyzed with the Wilcoxon test. Results show that the effect of exclusive breastfeeding education using leaflet media on increasing knowledge of mothers under five (p = 0.000). There is an influence of exclusive breastfeeding education using brochure media on increasing the knowledge of mothers of toddlers (p = 0.002). There is an influence of exclusive breastfeeding education using leaflet media on changes in the attitudes of mothers under five (p = 0.001). There is no effect of exclusive breastfeeding education using brochure media on changes in the knowledge of mothers under five (0.132). Leaflet media is more effective to use than brochure media. This finding is empirical evidence that nutrition education is needed to continue to be encouraged, especially in remote areas

Mysid meal as a dietary replacement for fishmeal in the diets of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) postlarvae

The current study evaluates the nutritional and feed value of mysid meal (MM) as a substitute for fishmeal (FM) in the Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) postlarvae diet. Five experimental diets were formulated by replacing 0 (MM0), 25 (MM25), 50 (MM50), 75 (MM75), and 100 % (MM100) of dietary FM with MM. These experimental feeds were fed to P. vannamei postlarvae in a 60-day feeding trial. Results revealed that MM could entirely substitute 100 % FM in the white shrimp diet. Furthermore, results showed that 75 % FM replacement with MM elicited a growth-enhancing effect and improved feed nutrient utilization. No significant treatment effects were detected in the survival, total feed intake, and biochemical body composition of P. vannamei. The observed improvement in shrimp growth in terms of weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and nutrient retention were positively correlated with the substitution level of FM by MM. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was negatively correlated with the substitution of MM and with the growth indices including WG and SGR. In conclusion, 100% of the FM (40% in the control diet) can be substituted by dietary MM without affecting the survival, growth, feed utilization, and biochemical carcass composition of P. vannamei. Polynomial regression analysis of SGR indicates that 65.50% of MM is optimum to replace FM in the diet of P. vannamei to attain maximum growth.

Effect of urea-treated rice straw, mixed with faba bean straw, on nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and performance of growing lambs.

The present study aimed to use poor quality roughages,such as rice and faba bean straw, treated with or without urea, and their impacts on digestibility, rumen fermentation, some blood parameters, and growth performance of lambs. Twenty crossbred male lambs (1/4Finland ×¾ Ossimi, 25±1.13kg live body weight) were chosen and divided into four groups. All lambs were fed rations of concentrated feed mixture at 2% of live weight with the following roughages ad libitum: URS (control group, untreated rice straw), TRS (urea-treated rice straw), FBS (faba bean straw), and TRS+FBS (mixture of TRS and FBS,1:1). Nutrient digestibility and feeding values improved (P<0.05) with TRS+FBS lambs versus FBS, TRS and URS lambs. The highest numerical values of ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in TRS lambs were recorded 23.9ml.eq/dl followed by TRS+FBS, URS and FBS. Regarding to the ruminal parameters, there were no differences (P>0.05) among evaluated groups except for NH3-N, the highest concentration (P<0.05) was recorded in TRS lambs at 3h post-feeding. Lambs of TRS, FBS and TRS+FBS showed faster growth (P<0.05) than those of the control (i.e., URS). Intakes of dry matter, total digestible nutrients, and digestible crude protein were numerically increased for TRS, FBS, and TRS+FBS. Feed conversion, as kg dry matter/kg gain, was improved for TRS, FBS, and TRS+FBS lambs versus URS. Daily gain of lambs increased (P<0.05) with lambs of TRS, FBS, and TRS+FBS but URS lambs showed a decrease (P<0.05) in daily gain. Feed conversion as kg dry matter intake/kg gain was improved (P<0.05) by feeding on TRS, FBS and TRS+FBS rations versus URS. The TRS+FBS lambs tended to have the highest economic efficiency versus URS, TRS and FBS lambs. It was concluded that urea-treated rice straw could be used as sole roughage or mixed with faba bean straw (1:1) in growing lambs' ration to improve their performance and economic efficiency without adversely affecting their health.The present study aimed to use poor quality roughages,such as rice and faba bean straw, treated with or without urea, and their impacts on digestibility, rumen fermentation, some blood parameters, and growth performance of lambs. Twenty crossbred male lambs (1/4Finland ×¾ Ossimi, 25±1.13kg live body weight) were chosen and divided into four groups. All lambs were fed rations of concentrated feed mixture at 2% of live weight with the following roughages ad libitum: URS (control group, untreated rice straw), TRS (urea-treated rice straw), FBS (faba bean straw), and TRS+FBS (mixture of TRS and FBS,1:1). Nutrient digestibility and feeding values improved (P<0.05) with TRS+FBS lambs versus FBS, TRS and URS lambs. The highest numerical values of ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in TRS lambs were recorded 23.9ml.eq/dl followed by TRS+FBS, URS and FBS. Regarding to the ruminal parameters, there were no differences (P>0.05) among evaluated groups except for NH3-N, the highest concentration (P<0.05) was recorded in TRS lambs at 3h post-feeding. Lambs of TRS, FBS and TRS+FBS showed faster growth (P<0.05) than those of the control (i.e., URS). Intakes of dry matter, total digestible nutrients, and digestible crude protein were numerically increased for TRS, FBS, and TRS+FBS. Feed conversion, as kg dry matter/kg gain, was improved for TRS, FBS, and TRS+FBS lambs versus URS. Daily gain of lambs increased (P<0.05) with lambs of TRS, FBS, and TRS+FBS but URS lambs showed a decrease (P<0.05) in daily gain. Feed conversion as kg dry matter intake/kg gain was improved (P<0.05) by feeding on TRS, FBS and TRS+FBS rations versus URS. The TRS+FBS lambs tended to have the highest economic efficiency versus URS, TRS and FBS lambs. It was concluded that urea-treated rice straw could be used as sole roughage or mixed with faba bean straw (1:1) in growing lambs' ration to improve their performance and economic efficiency without adversely affecting their health.

Examining the Proteus Effect in the Context of Healthy Food Choices and Intentions to Eat Healthy: The Role of Avatar Body Size, Avatar Allocation Type, and Visual Perspective

Abstract As avatars gain prominence in health-promoting applications, understanding how health-related avatar appearance characteristics could affect users’ behavior is crucial. Drawing upon the Proteus effect, avatars can positively and negatively affect health behaviors, depending on whether the avatar appearance is aligned with stereotypes about healthy or unhealthy behavior. Investigating avatar appearances is essential to understand potential negative health effects. Three experiments in a non-immersive virtual supermarket examined whether controlling an overweight avatar negatively affected (1) intentions to eat healthy and (2) food choice healthiness in the virtual supermarket, thereby investigating avatar allocation type (Study 1) and visual perspective (Study 2) as moderators. 2 (Avatar body size: overweight vs. healthy weight) by 2 (Avatar allocation type: self-assigned vs. experimenter-assigned [Study 1]; Visual perspective: first-person vs. third-person [Studies 2 and 3]) between-subjects designs were employed. None of the studies demonstrated the Proteus effect and no moderating role of avatar allocation type was found (Study 1). Unexpectedly, controlling an overweight avatar resulted in stronger intentions to eat healthy from a third-person perspective only (Study 2), which led to the hypothesis that the overweight avatar functioned as a fear stimulus. To test this, a health message was added that highlighted obesity as a health risk (Study 3). The addition of this message did not affect intentions to eat healthy and food choice healthiness. The combination of fear appeal and self-perception theory as explanatory frameworks for behavioral responses to avatars opens avenues for new research, such as exploring specific conditions that trigger each effect.

Real-time model correction using Kalman filter for Raman-controlled cell culture processes

Raman spectroscopy has found extensive use in monitoring and controlling cell culture processes. In this context, the prediction accuracy of Raman-based models is of paramount importance. However, models established with data from manually fed-batch cultures often exhibit poor performance in Raman-controlled cultures. Thus, there is a need for effective methods to rectify these models. The objective of this paper is to investigate the efficacy of Kalman filter (KF) algorithm in correcting Raman-based models during cell culture. Initially, partial least squares (PLS) models for different components were constructed using data from manually fed-batch cultures, and the predictive performance of these models was compared. Subsequently, various correction methods including the PLS-KF-KF method proposed in this study were employed to refine the PLS models. Finally, a case study involving the auto-control of glucose concentration demonstrated the application of optimal model correction method. The results indicated that the original PLS models exhibited differential performance between manually fed-batch cultures and Raman controlled cultures. For glucose, the RMSEP of manually fed-batch culture and Raman-controlled culture was 0.23 and 0.40 g·L-1. With the implementation of model correction methods, there was a significant improvement in model performance within Raman-controlled cultures. The RMSEP for glucose from updating-PLS, KF-PLS, and PLS-KF-KF was 0.38, 0.36, and 0.17 g·L-1, respectively. Notably, the proposed PLS-KF-KF model correction method was found to be more effective and stable, playing a vital role in the automated nutrient feeding of cell cultures.

Evaluation of night eating syndrome and food addiction in esports players.

Esports players' training takes long periods and they sit for a long time during competitions, which increases their risk of obesity and urges them to develop inappropriate eating behaviors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the night-eating syndrome and food addiction in esports players. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 248 esports players who were members of a university's esports community. The study data were collected using an online questionnaire consisting of the descriptive information form, Night Eating Questionnaire, and Yale Food Addiction Scale. The mean age of the sports players participating in the study was 22.19 ± 5.97 years. Of them, 55.6% had a normal body weight, 13.4% were obese, 54.4% played esports for 3 years or more, 13.3% experienced night eating syndrome, and 21.4% experienced food addiction. While the weekly duration of playing esports and skipping meals were associated with night eating syndrome, the weekly duration of playing esports and smoking were associated with food addiction (p < 0.05). Additionally, although there was no statistically significant difference, the risk of food addiction was 2.12 times higher in those with poor perceived sleep quality. We observed that night eating syndrome was very common in esports players and that these individuals were at risk in terms of food addiction. Since esports has a more sedentary structure than traditional sports, we suggest that esports players should be evaluated in terms of their unhealthy eating behaviors and risk of eating disorders.

Biogas Purification through the use of a Microalgae-Bacterial System in Semi-Industrial High Rate Algal Ponds.

In recent years, a number of technologies have emerged to purify biogas into biomethane. This purification entails a reduction in the concentration of polluting gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide to increase the content of methane. In this study, we used a microalgal cultivation technology to treat and purify biogas produced from organic waste from the swine industry to obtain ready-to-use biomethane. For cultivation and purification, two 22.2 m3 open-pond photobioreactors coupled with an absorption-desorption column system were set up in San Juan de los Lagos, Mexico. Several recirculation liquid/biogas ratios (L/G) were tested to obtain the highest removal efficiencies; other parameters, such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and biomass growth, were measured. The most efficient L/Gs were 1.6 and 2.5, resulting in a treated biogas effluent with a composition of 6.8%vol and 6.6%vol in CO2, respectively, and removal efficiencies for H2S up to 98.9%, as well as maintaining O2 contamination values of less than 2%vol. We found that pH greatly determines CO2 removal, more so than L/G, during cultivation because of its participation in the photosynthetic process of microalgae and its ability to vary pH when solubilized due to its acidic nature. DO, and temperature oscillated as expected from the light-dark natural cycles of photosynthesis and the time of day, respectively. Biomass growth varied with CO2 and nutrient feeding as well as reactor harvesting; however, the trend remained primed for growth.

Digestibility of feed nutrients when the NAA feed additive is included in the diet of geese

The purpose of the research was to study the digestibility of feed nutrients when different doses of the NAA feed additive were included in the diet of meat geese and to analyze the gain in live weight of the experimental poultry. The geese received the feed additive throughout the entire rearing cycle (from 1 to 60 days). A physiological experiment to study the digestibility of feed nutrients was carried out when the geese were 50 days old. On 6 geese from each group, the digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, fiber, fat, nitrogen-free extractive substances and ash were determined. During the experiment the amount of compound feed eaten, the amount of excreted litter and the live weight of the geese were taken into account. The results obtained indicate that of the three tested dosages (0,5 ml, 1,0 and 2,0 ml per 1 kg of compound feed), the dose of 1,0 ml per 1 kg of compound feed turned out to be optimal. Nutrient digestibility coefficients were higher in geese of the 3rd experimental group, whose diet was supplemented with 1,0 ml of feed additive per 1 kg of compound feed. The digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, fi ber and nitrogen-free extractive substances were higher in the 3rd experimental group compared to the values of herdmates in the 1st control group by 3,03 abs.%, 2,28 abs.%, 3,34 abs.% and 5,24 abs.%, respectively. In the 2nd and 4th experimental groups the coeffi cients of digestibility of dry matter of protein, fi ber, nitrogen-free extractive substances and ash were almost at the same level as the results of the 1st control group. The fat digestibility coeffi cient in the 1st control group was 84,49 %, and in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups it was 82,44 %, 81,49 and 82,94 %, respectively. The feed additive at the dose of 1,0 ml per 1 kg of compound feed, which the geese of the 3rd experimental group received, had the significant impact on the dynamics of the live weight of the poultry. Already at 10 days of age geese from the 3rd experimental group were 10,2 g (p ≤ 0,05) heavier than their herdmates from the 1st control group; at 30 and 60 days of age, this difference was significantly higher than in 1st control group by 7,48 and 5,38 % (p ≤ 0,05), respectively.